Legal Forms of Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Authoritative documents of Business - Essay Example Moreover, where a solitary individual can raise whole capital required to begin a business in which he/she is the focal specialist organization and needs full control. An association would be suitable if the business’ proprietorship lies with a family or if capital commitment is finished by more than one individual (Ennico, 2010). Associations are run of the mill in cases where the entity’s business line isn't sufficiently unsafe to warrant an increasingly perplexing model. Constrained obligation organizations are recommendable for private companies that start off with one individual or organization as the proprietor however the need to grow by requesting ventures from different people or organizations. These new contestants are alluded to as constrained accomplices as their liabilities are restricted to the business substance since they have no control of business tasks. In such a situation, the business’ day by day tasks are controlled by a general accomplice who is, in this manner, at risk for business obligation except if the general accomplice is an organization. Constrained obligation organizations, then again, are appropriate for people wishing to set up a business substance where owners’ risk for business obligations and court decisions made against the organization. This business structure is fitting for people or organizations that require a different legitimate and duty element from the proprietors, thus proprietors document their own expenses from pay rates and rewards earned by the organization (Mitchell, 2009). This is the most reasonable structure in occurrences where proprietors have gigantic resources that they wish to shield from business banks, or the business led by the organization is dangerous to warrant consistent claims from clients. S enterprises would be appropriate in occurrences where investors or proprietors might want to get pay rates that are considered â€Å"reasonable† by law. S enterprises can likewise be set up when proprietors wish to make extra assets since reserves held by the substance in the wake of paying its

Accounting Intern Paper

Organization presentation KC ACCOUNTANCY CORP is a Southern California CPA firm, found in 2000. The organization offers a full scope of business and purchaser CPA administrations including fiscal summaries arrangement, IRS. FTB. EDD portrayal, government form arrangement, office computerization, new business fire up, general accounting and assessment readiness and arranging. Set of working responsibilities During the assistant time frame, I did four fundamental undertakings as follow 1. Accounting The organization utilizes the bookkeeping programming called Write up and Quick Book to do the book keeping.In request to do the accounting we have to make a record for all the monetary records and utilize the check and receipt gave by the client to record all installments produced using these records. We should filled the all the section of cells, which incorporate date, name of the installment, payee, classification (for charge purposes), reminder and a record of the check number or the r eceipt number. The explanation behind compose the classification is for charge purposes. After record the installment, we have to utilize a similar programming to record the money inflow. We list all cash (just income) got by the customer.As same as the money outpouring, we have to record the date, name of the pay, payer-suppliers, class, update and a record of the check number. In the event that the organization has the Loan or the speculation, we should utilize the various records to record it. Following stage, we have to make creditor liabilities/debt claims. For the record payable we list utilities, lease, and other future installments. We list two date: one is the due day another is the due day before punishment. For the record receivable, we list the salary we will get in the future.This record is generally significant, I have to mindful that when the organization really gets the installment by the clients or the skiped check will occurred. The last advance is to accommodate t he records with the bank articulations. The organization will give us their financial balance records and permit us to check every installment. This is normally done on a quarterly timetable 2. Arranged, inspected, and dissected bookkeeping records, fiscal reports, and other budgetary reports to survey precision, fulfillment, and conformance to announcing and procedural standards.Financial proclamations incorporate pay explanation, articulation of held income, asset report and income articulation. From the supervisor’s experience, I discovered that there is explicit consistent request for planning because of some fiscal reports use numbers from different explanations The request is following: * Income proclamation * Statement of held profit * Balance sheet * Cash stream articulation Before budget summaries are readied, we have to change sections dependent on income acknowledgment and the coordinating standards. Every exchange may influence one pay articulation records and one asset report account.Adjustments can be categorized as one of five classifications: collected incomes, gathered costs, unmerited incomes, prepaid costs, and devaluation. Pay Statement The pay proclamation reports incomes, costs, and the subsequent overall gain. It moves from income, costs and capital increases or misfortunes record account adjusts into the salary articulation. Articulation of Retained Earnings The Statement of Retained Earnings is set up after the salary explanation since we utilize the net benefit or shortfall account balance from pay statement.The held income proclamation shows the held profit toward the start and end of the bookkeeping time frame. It is readied utilizing the accompanying data: * Beginning held income from past proclamation of held profit. * Net salary, got from the pay articulation Balance Sheet The monetary record reports the advantages, liabilities, and investor value of the organization. It is built utilizing the accompanying data: * Balances of all advantage accounts * Balances of all risk accounts * proprietor's value Cash Flow StatementTo do this money premise report, we take away money payment from money receipts straightforwardly. It additionally takes data from each of the three past fiscal summaries. Double cross times of similar monetary records are analyzed so as to set up an announcement of incomes. 3. Kept up Quarterly finance records. From the outset I am extremely inquisitive why the organization might want to re-appropriate the finance procedure . The director reveal to me entrepreneur typically go through around eight hours out of each month doing finance since laws and the IRS have let the finance work become a tedious task.Outsourcing the finance can let the organization center more around running organization additionally evade the dangers of computing botch . Generally significant, administrative, state and neighborhood finance charge laws are as often as possible changing and turning out to be increa singly intricate The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is the income administration of the United States government. The organization is an authority of the Department of the Treasury, and is under the prompt course of the magistrate of Internal Revenue. The IRS is answerable for gathering charges and the understanding and implementation of the Internal Revenue Code.I need to call each organization on the rundown to ensure how much pay they pay for every worker. Organization may pay their representative quarterly, month to month or hourly. The vast majority of our client is Chinese/Taiwanese claimed organization. I can utilize Chinese to call them . I have to explain what number of workers in their organization and how much pay they have to pay. By utilizing 1099-and so forth, we simply need to type in the information in the framework. The product will naturally compute government, state and neighborhood finance charges. The product bolsters Federal finance structures, for example, the 941, 940, 943, 944 and 1040 SchH. Structure 941 Form 941 is Employer’s QUARTERLY Federal Tax Return. Government law expects managers to retain charges from workers' checks. Each time compensation are paid, managers must retain †or remove from workers' checks †certain sums for government annual duty, standardized savings assessment, and Medicare charge. Under the retention framework, charges retained from workers are credited to representatives in installment of their assessment liabilities. Government law likewise expects managers to pay any risk for the business' segment of standardized savings and Medicare taxes.This bit of government disability and Medicare charges isn't retained from representatives. Bosses who retain personal charges from wages or who must compensation standardized savings or Medicare charge, use Form 941 to report those expenses. The cutoff time for 941form is the latest day for month that follows the finish of the quarter. * Quarter One (Jan uary, February, March): due on April 30. * Quarter Two (April, May, June): due on July 31. * Quarter Three (July, August, and September): due October 31. * Quarter Four (October, November, December) : due on January 31 of the accompanying year.Every time, I update the data on the framework, I have to print out two duplicate. One is for our organization, the other one is for our client . 4. Various As an assistant, I additionally invest some energy to doing incidental thing, for example, set up records in order, print out the bundle name and glue on the envelope , twofold check the archive and send to the client. Investigation of the organization The organization begins the business from 2000, the manager make a decent attempt to construct an awesome connection with the customers.They are effectively to fabricate the relationaship in light of the fact that the business in the organization consistently put them self in the customer’s shoes, the current client will bring the new client. So the organization doesn't have to post the ad on the web or request that other plan an extravagant site to pull in new client. Consequently they can offer great and complete support with sensible cost. Because of the great connection with client, the bookkeeping office is likewise become a data trade place. We can generally observe the client to request that the supervisor allude a dental, a legal counselor and the business to others.It is the manner by which a decent systems administration start. In any case, during the assistant time frame, I discover there are things the organization could improve. To start with, the supervisor assumes a critical job in the organization. She needs to check each report before mail to the client or mail to the administration establishment and she doles out new assignment for everybody each morning. The organization would be in a mass when the manager isn't in the workplace. I despite everything can recollect, once the manager has crisis and she can't go to the workplace for two days.All archive put on her table like a little mountain, and others has nothing to do. Second, a great deal of things without a consistent request, there is a basic model. At the point when I start with recording the reports, I can't discover some individual’s name inside the document. After I check with the chief, the supervisor lets me know, somebody they will put all family numbers’ document together rather singular record. The issue is that solitary the supervisor knows who the family numbers are. It is hard for the record pro to record the archive; anyway the manager is too occupied to even consider doing this sort of things.Third, the organization despite everything utilize some outdated procedure. Each quarter, the client needs to turn in their check record and the receipt genuinely to the bookkeeping office. The vast majority of the records are hand compose. Truth be told I figure the bookkeeping office can ask electri c form from the client, at that point it can finish the procedure all the more proficiently, on the grounds that at some point I see bookkeeping colleague battle with the numbers or the word on the check or the receipt and with electric rendition, it very well may be send to bookkeeping firm in time.I think the organization know better what their business is, so it's anything but a serious deal for them to change the truly form to electric adaptation. Likewise I realize most programming will consequently download the bank records and permit the record colleague to rapidly check which installments and stores are as of now recorded in the record, and which must be independently accounted. This is normally done on a month to month plan, however with programming and internet banking, it is can be finish on a week after week o

[Astronomy subject] Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

[Astronomy subject] Assignment - Essay Example This space rock has a rough breadth of 270 meters. Starting perceptions of the space rock proposed a little possibility (up to 2.7%) that the space rock may strike earth most likely on thirteenth April 2029. NASA has anticipated 1 of every 300 possibility of the space rock striking the Earth. Be that as it may, the outcomes may change dependent on the everyday perceptions by NASA. With the improvement of new advancements, it might be conceivable to crush any object which could be a danger. Be that as it may, this may prompt sections of a space rock striking the Earth. A careful research ought to be completed to comprehend the negative effects of such an activity. The movement or the circle of a space rock relies upon numerous elements, for example, the gravitational draw of different planets or a satellite’s pull from sun powered breeze. So it might be hard to redirect a space rock and change its circle. Space rock 2011 CQ1 is a little 1 meter distance across space rock which made a record close methodology on February 4 2011. The Center for Meteorite Studies expresses that it went inside a scope of 5480 KM over a district in the mid-pacific. It is the nearest non affecting space rock in the NASA space rock Catalog till

What to Do If You Cant Answer an Interview Question

What to Do If You Cant Answer an Interview Question You’re in the meeting. Things are working out in a good way. You’re nearly to the guaranteed land. Also, then†¦ it occurs. You get the inquiry you can’t answer. An absolute stumper. What to do? Fortunately, you can depend on the accompanying too helpful methodologies to haul yourself out of this feared circumstance and leave the meeting with your pride and employment prospects in tact.Take a MomentYou may fear just the sound of quietness in a meeting circumstance, yet once in a while that quiet is your companion. Attempt a straightforward, â€Å"That’s a magnificent inquiry; let me consider that one for a second.† Then pull it together, burrow profound, and attempt to concoct something great to state. Nobody will blame you for pausing for a moment to make yourself.Think Out LoudHalf the time, your questioner poses extreme inquiries in light of the fact that they’re inquisitive to see your critical thinking aptitudes in real life. You nee d to let out a consummately worded answer without fail, however in these cases it may even be to further your potential benefit to let them see your math, as it were. Talk through the inquiry as you would the issue. Most occasions you’ll show up at the appropriate response and the questioner will have gotten the opportunity to see your brain in action!PivotThere’s no standard that says you can’t simply divert the inquiry. In the event that you’re got some information about an aptitude you don’t have, attempt to control the point onto an expertise or abilities you do have, and talk about how, when assembled, they put you in a prime situation to tackle the issues the organization needs explained. Mention to them what you do know as a method of diverting them from what you don’t.Have a Few Sound BytesSay you get requested to characterize or talk about an industry term you just don’t know. Don’t alarm. Transform this second into a preferred position. Essentially state: â€Å"That’s not an idea I’m totally acquainted with yet, yet I’m amped up for (field) and have been effectively finding out increasingly more about it.† Then rotate to something you’ve simply learned that’s applicable to their concerns.Buy TimeTry rethinking the inquiry or explaining that you comprehend it before replying. That will give you sufficient opportunity to begin thoroughly considering your answer secretly. It could likewise be that the inquiry wasn’t clear,. for example you know the appropriate response, however you just didn’t very comprehend the float of the inquiry itself. If not, it ought to abandon saying that you shouldn’t lie. Fess up. Be that as it may, don’t state â€Å"I don’t know† until you completely have to.Answer in the Follow-UpIf you truly lighten it, or basically need to concede you just don’t have an answer right now, you ca n generally answer it in more noteworthy profundity when you development. A basic: â€Å"I needed to explain my solution to your question†¦Ã¢â‚¬  will get the job done, and could simply burrow you out.Emphasize Your Learning CurveWhat you don’t know, you can learn! Tell your questioner how you would approach making sense of the appropriate response, and how you would prepare yourself to be set up to explain it when your beginning date moved around. Accentuate your energy to know everything to think about this organization or field.Don’t PanicPerhaps the most significant piece of counsel: remain quiet. Self-destructing isn't a choice. Being sullen or disturbed isn’t either. Remain cool and depend on the devices above.

Markets and Merchants

Markets and Merchants Markets and Merchants Markets and Merchants By Mark Nichol Market and orderly words, getting from the Latin action word mercari, which means â€Å"trade,† are recorded and characterized in this post. Market, alluding to a spot where merchandise are sold, relocated to English through an old Germanic language, and by expansion it presently additionally relates to a geographic district or a segment focused for selling of specific products or administrations, or an open door for selling or a gracefully of or interest for products or administrations. As an action word, the word implies â€Å"sell† or â€Å"make accessible for sale.† Mart is an equivalent word as both a thing and an action word, while a general store is explicitly a huge supermarket. Commercial center is an equivalent word for advertise in its different implications, however it might likewise allude to rivalry for predominance among different thoughts or philosophies. An advertiser is somebody engaged with advancing or selling an assistance; the calling is called showcasing. Something having characteristics that make it agreeable to being sold, or somebody whose characteristics will make the person in question speaking to bosses or the customer open, is supposed to be attractive. Secondary selling alludes to the arrangement of giving embellishments and parts to an item or to a framework for exchanging a specific kind of items, just as the general market for stocks. A farmers’ advertise is where produce and once in a while hand crafted nourishments (and even artworks) are sold casually, while a swap meet is the place individuals sell merchandise casually, including utilized items yet frequently new and at times self-delivered fabricated items also; both are typically held outside. The financial exchange is a framework where exchanging of protections for speculation reasons for existing is directed. A bootleg market is a casual system of exchange of limited or restricted products; at times, the expression may allude to a genuine area where such merchandise are sold. As underground market, the term is an action word alluding to purchasing or selling operating at a profit showcase. A vender is known as a dark advertiser or dark marketeer, and the activity is dark marketeering. The modifier upmarket methods â€Å"appealing to the wealthy† or â€Å"of high quality† (it additionally fills in as an intensifier); down-showcase relates to low-pay shoppers or low quality. Mercer, a British English expression for a seller in fine textures, additionally gets by as a family name. Hired fighter, which means â€Å"one who serves for wages,† generally alludes to a trooper of-fortune, however as a descriptive word, notwithstanding alluding to one who enrolls in a remote armed force or battles for a private customer, implies â€Å"greedy† or â€Å"venal.† A vendor is a businessperson or dealer, albeit every so often the word fills in as slang alluding to somebody with a specific ability, for example, in the expression â€Å"speed merchant† for a quick runner. It likewise is a descriptor relating to exchanging or utilized as in the expression â€Å"merchant marine,† which signifies, by and large, the business boats of a specific country or the group individuals from these boats. (Ship is an out of date equivalent word for dealer; it was likewise utilized during the Age of Sail to allude to a boat conveying products for exchange.) The descriptive word commercial, then, implies â€Å"pertaining to trading,† while stock alludes to products that are sold (while a merchandiser is somebody who sells merchandise), and the word additionally fills in as an action word meaning â€Å"buy and sell† or â€Å"promote.† The demonstration or practice of selling products is promoting. Business is the huge scope purchasing and selling, by and large including transportation over significant distances (however the word likewise has rarer faculties of â€Å"exchange of thoughts and opinions† or sex). The descriptor is business, which likewise works as a thing to indicate a notice utilizing moving pictures, sound, or both. Internet purchasing and selling is called web based business, where the e is a truncation for electronic, as in email (now and again styled email). Single word out of the blue identified with mercari is benevolence, from the possibility of a cost paid. Benevolence is sympathy or tolerance, a lucky event, or a perfect gift. (The term is additionally now and then articulated as a pledge of joy of shock, as in â€Å"Oh, kindness me!† however it is antiquated.) To be lenient is to show empathy or self control, and the verb-modifying structure is tolerantly; benevolence itself every so often fills in as a descriptive word, as in the expression â€Å"mercy killing,† alluding to slaughtering an individual or a creature to end languishing. Another is Mercury, the name of the armada footed Roman emissary god, who was additionally the divine force of trade and travel and, amusingly, burglary and that of the planet named for him. The name of the component mercury, which in its fluid structure moves immediately, was additionally propelled by the quick Roman divinity. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Vocabulary class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:12 Types of LanguageAnyone versus Everyone50 Synonyms for Melody

How to Reverse Brain Damage From Long-Term Alcohol Use

How to Reverse Brain Damage From Long-Term Alcohol Use Addiction Alcohol Use Print Quit Drinking to Reverse Alcoholic Brain Damage New cells can develop for years after quitting alcohol By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 22, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on November 22, 2019 TEK IMAGE/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery When people who drink alcohol heavily stop drinking, some of the brain damage that long-time alcohol use can cause may reverse and some memory loss they may experience  may stop. Scientists have established that the shrinkage that alcohol can cause in some regions of the brain that results in cognitive damage  will begin to reverse when alcohol stays out of the body for lengthening periods of time.?? To understand this important news for people recovering from alcoholism, it is key to understand how alcohol affects the brain. Impact of Alcohol on the Brain Doctors and researchers sometimes use the term  alcohol-related cognitive impairment to refer to the damaging impact that repeated excessive alcohol consumption can have on the brain’s ability to function.?? Some of this impact stems directly from alcohol’s poisonous effects on the brain. Areas of the brain most likely to be damaged by alcoholism include the frontal lobeâ€"responsible for higher-level mental skills as the ability to think logically and the ability to exert behavioral controlâ€"and the cerebellum, which gives the brain its ability to control and coordinate muscle movements.?? How Alcohol Damages the Brain How MRI Testing Tracks Brain Recovery In the study published in 2015 in  Addiction Biology, researchers from the San Francisco VA Medical Center and UC San Francisco used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to examine the brains of a group of people who were recovering from alcoholism and abstaining from alcohol.?? Each study participant underwent MRI testing after being  alcohol-freeâ€"for one week, one month and seven and a half months. The researchers conducted multiple scans to track the changing state of the brain over time. The MRI research revealed that alcohol abstinence led to brain volume increases in key areas including the frontal lobe and cerebellum. This involved both gray matter and white matter. When the researchers studied the positive changes in gray matter volume, they concluded that most of these changes occurred in the three-week span between the end of the first week of abstinence and the end of the first month of abstinence. The positive changes in white matter volume occurred at a fairly consistent pace throughout the seven and a half months of abstinence. Birth of New Brain Cells With Alcohol Abstinence Earlier research conducted in 2004 on lab rats at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hills Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies was the first to show a burst of new brain cell development as a result of abstinence from chronic alcohol consumption.?? The Bowles research team examined the brain cell growth in adult rats that were given an amount of alcohol over a four-day period that produced alcohol dependence. The researchers found that alcohol dependency slowed  neurogenesis or brain cell development. The research found that new cell growth took place in the brains hippocampus with as little as four to five weeks of alcohol abstinence, including a twofold burst in brain cell growth on the seventh day of being alcohol-free. The Number of Brain Cells Can Continue to Grow as an Adult It was long thought that the number of neurons in the adult brain was established early in life, but it is now known that the adult brain is capable of neurogenesis or the production of new neurons. A study looking at the emergence of new brain cells after abstinence from alcohol found that there were bursts of new cell development in the hippocampus at 48 hours after abstinence. Then there was another burst in the hippocampus and regions of another part of the brain, the cortex, at seven days of being alcohol-free. The Brain Remains Impaired Early in Recovery Since research has shown that the brain is impaired early on in recovery, the medical community has come to understand that it is important to not bombard people seeking alcohol recovery help with too much information early on.?? This can affect the effectiveness of alcoholism treatment programs in the first weeks of recovery and abstinence. Research on lab animals suggests that new brain cell growth can also be promoted by  increased physical activity. How Exercise Can Help With Addiction

Distinguishing Between Human and Non-Human in Spring and All - Literature Essay Samples

Although established as nonhuman, poets often use animals, nature, and other objects to comment about the human condition in poetry. While in some cases this may lead to a clear distinction between human and non-human, William Carlos Williams’s Spring and All [By the road to the contagious hospital], breaks down the barrier between what is human and what is not. By analogizing the coming of spring, and relying on imagery and line, Williams comes to an understanding about being stuck between life and death, and concludes that the intersections between human and non-human are too intermingled to be separated. Williams uses decaying imagery to create a bleak depiction of the human life cycle. That is to say, Williams uses imagery to say something about humanity by describing the nature that surrounds it. The subject of the poem begins â€Å"By the road to the contagious hospital,† an image which juxtaposes something deadly—like a contagious disease—to something life-giving—like a hospital. This image immediately blurs distinctions between humanity and nature, suggesting the road to be the path of life, a path with an inevitably pitiful end. Williams doesn’t even allow for the possibility of an alternative path. Instead of other roads, â€Å"the road to the contagious hospital† is surrounded by â€Å"broad, muddy fields/ brown with dried weeds,† suggesting that humanity is completely powerless to the natural world and a predetermined path toward death. He expands this idea with the â€Å"cold wind† in line 5, which brings â€Å"mottle d clouds† to the scene. Williams suggests the sky is vast and untouchable, while the subject is small and insignificant. The imagery Williams uses to describe the winter landscape induces an anxious sense of foreboding. With no other options, and completely alone, the subject must embark on the tumultuous path of life. Williams also creates movement in Spring and All, starting with a large image and moving toward a smaller, more focused one. The zoomed-out image of the â€Å"waste of broad, muddy fields† underneath â€Å"the surge of the blue/ mottled clouds† begins to zero in on the nature that lines the road in the stanza. Still, almost unbearably slow crawl toward clarity leaves the sense of unease in the reader. The third stanza reads All along the road the reddish/ purplish, forked, upstanding, twiggy/ stuff of bushes and small trees/ with dead, brown leaves under them/ leafless vines- Although this stanza mainly consists of detailed descriptions of the scene around the subject, the image is still broad and unclear. Instead of focusing on the individual characteristics of the nature in the scene, Williams combines them, blending the image of the bushes with that of the trees in line 12. And although this stanza features more color than the barren brown of the first, he avoids usi ng a distinct hue, instead describing the image as â€Å"reddish/ purplish.† Williams’s refusal to give the reader a clear image, in conjunction with the images of decay, introduce a sense of frustration in the reader—frustration over not being able to grasp the image, and also, frustration over the cemented quality of human existence, always stuck between life and death, with no control over it’s pace. Here, Williams’s images of the non-human becomes entangled with vulnerability: one of the most prominent emotions in the human world. And this vulnerability that Williams addresses is expanded in the imagery of the following stanzas, where a â€Å"sluggish/ dazed spring approaches.† The imagery of the oncoming spring described in Spring and All, however, differs from the hopeful connotations we normally associate with the season. Though the end of winter finally brings a hyper-focused image, even focusing on individual blades of grass and â€Å"clarity, outline of leaf,† the image described is far from cheerful. Perhaps the most startling language used in the poem is in the fifth stanza, where Williams describes the budding of plants: They enter the new world naked,/ cold, uncertain of all/ save that they enter. All about them/ the cold, familiar wind- Describing plant life as â€Å"enter[ing] the new world naked† is Williams’s most blatant use of anthropomorphism, as he relates nature to childbirth. This connection is rooted in Williams’s omission of a distinct they, as well as t he use of the word naked, shifting the poem from images of nature to images of childbirth, and indicating that the meaning of the poem extends past the realm of non-human. Buried under images of winter and spring, Williams reaches a fundamental truth of human existence: a person is vulnerable in their birth, in their death, and at every moment in-between. Additionally, Williams suggests that the human life cycle is cynical and doesn’t leave anyone behind; all those birthed in spring must eventually die in the winter. Finally, one should be weary of looking for beauty (spring) in winter. Through the imagery alone gives Spring and All much of its meaning, the conspicuous anxiety of the poem is heightened by William’s use of line and syntax. The two longest stanzas—stanzas two and three—are mainly compromised of descriptions of winter. As the poem shifts to clearer images of spring, the stanzas get shorter. While this serves to allude to the drawn-out length of winter and its accompanied suffering, it also draws out the length of time the reader must wait for a clear image, thus extending their frustration. The poem does begin, however, with a single I separated form the other stanzas. This isolation of the subject introduces an overwhelming loneliness that Williams strings throughout the rest of the poem. Line also plays an important role in building the tone of Williams’s poem. Williams uses enjambment throughout Spring and All to deprive the reader of familiar structures and further distort his images, therefore contributing to the sense of foreboding and anxiety throughout the poem. For example, Williams’s description of â€Å"the blue/ mottled clouds driven from the/ northeast-a cold wind. Beyond, the/ waste of broad, muddy fields† breaks up the images he describes, adding to the fuzziness of the poem’s imagery, and the frustration that it induces. Williams takes the choppiness of his line breaks a step further by frequently using dashes to break up ideas, leaving fragmented thoughts scattered throughout the poem, like in the line â€Å"One by one objects are defined-/ It quickens: clarity, outline of leaf† or â€Å"But now the stark dignity of/ entrance-Still, the profound change has come upon them.† Though these unfinished thoughts give the reader little closure, their frequent and constant use throughout the text gives a consistent and cyclical impression to the poem, reminding the reader of the undeviating cycle of life and death. All of these elements come together in Williams Carlos Williams’s Spring and All [Road to the contagious hospital] to break down the distinctions between what is human and what is not. Williams’s distortion of the line between nature and humanity leads to epiphanies about the cycle of human existence.

Final Report My Favorite Netflix Series Stranger Things

As for ideas on what a final project should look like, I wanted to try and make it something that I had never done before while also incorporating my favorite Netflix series Stranger Things. With a partner, I want to put together a pool of ideas and topics to be able to pull from during the podcast. The goal is to make the conversation as casual and realistic as possible, while maintaining a focus on the show and key events that occured. Additionally, to reduce spoilers, keeping the discussion is relation to the first season would be best for those who would listen to the podcast. Moreover, it would be interesting to have one of the two people doing the podcast to be one who believes the rumors or conspiraces going around Hawkins and†¦show more content†¦Through an act of great timing, Eleven uses her telekinetic powers to lift Mike back up over the edge of cliff. Finally, to scare off Troy, Eleven uses her powers to make him urinate on himself (Chapter Six: The Monster ). This interaction alone would be enough to gardner Eleven a reputation for having bad intentions if information about this event spread around Hawkins. Additionally, this event could also strength suspicion about the connection between Hawkins Research Laboratory and Eleven. Another piece of the plot in Stranger Things concerns the possible conspiracy that developed as a result of Will’s supposed body that was found in the quarry. While it does seem likely that the body that was found could very well be Will’s especially considering that nothing this bizarre has occurred in Hawkins in quite some time, and as a result, most people in Hawkins, including Will’s older brother Jonathan, have absolutely no reason to even consider that someone could be hiding the truth. Hopper, however, does maintain suspicion about the Research Laboratory, evren going as far to find the body that was dredged up from the quarry and discovering that it was cotton-stuffed. Concerning the Upside-Down, and its connection to Hawkins Lab, viewers come to learn of methods on entering it as well as that the demogorgon may have come from it. Mr. Clarke, Mike, Dustin, and Lucas’ science teacher explains the theory behind how alternate universes can beShow MoreRelatedMarketing and E-commerce Business65852 Words   |  264 PagesCrowdfunding Takes Off Insight on Technology: Battle of the Titans: Music in the Cloud Case Study: Pandora and the Freemium Business Model CHAPTER 3 E-COMMERCE INFRASTRUCTURE: THE INTERNET, WEB, AND MOBILE PLATFORM Opening Case: Google Glass: Augment My Reality Insight on Society: Government Surveillance and Regulation of the Internet Insight on Technology: Is HTML5 Ready for Prime Time? Insight on Business: The Apps Ecosystem Case Study: Akamai Technologies: Attempting to Keep Supply Ahead ofRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesDiversity Management Strategies 56 Attracting, Selecting, Developing, and Retaining Diverse Employees 56 †¢ Diversity in Groups 58 †¢ Effective Diversity Programs 58 Summary and Implications for Managers 60 S A L Self-Assessment Library What’s My Attitude Toward Older People? 40 Myth or Science? â€Å"Dual-Career Couples Divorce Less† 47 An Ethical Choice Religious Tattoos 51 glOBalization! Images of Diversity from Around the Globe 54 Point/Counterpoint Men Have More Mathematical Ability Than Women

Art Is An Essential Part Of Life - 1338 Words

Art is an essential part of life that has many definitions, characteristics and features but each person has their own meaning of it. In my opinion art is a figurative representation of reality, whereas its main purpose is the communion of a man to the beautiful, sensual and sometimes even to the inexplicable and contradictory. I think that movies, paintings, architectures and other arts should cause a variety of emotions, feelings and thoughts in the souls and minds of people. The fantasy painting â€Å"Catching Wishes† by Josephine Wall is of a woman having many desires but only reaching out to the one she wishes to have the most. This beautiful painting makes me feel happy and sad simultaneously. It makes me happy because she chooses to have a family over else and sad because she appears to be alone and desperate for hope. Art plays a huge role in my life because it makes me think about important issues, things happening around me and does not leave me indifferent. I enjoy reading because books teach us many valuable lessons and make us more educated. Classical literature builds character, instilling moral traits. Reading the works of classics enrich my inner world and give the concept of values such as honor and dignity. We also learn about friendship, love, betrayal, hate, compassion, and etcetera from books. People should not only read the classic world literature but also books by contemporary authors. Within the books of our contemporaries, we can find a concrete solutionShow MoreRelatedCultural Elements Of Art And Literature Essay767 Words   |  4 PagesImagine a life without writing, and without art; it’s pretty grim isn’t it? Without these essential cultural components, life would be a sad place to live in, because no other cultural aspect would survive. The most essential cultural element is Arts and Literature, because art and literature transcend the other cultural aspects. Without arts and literature, you couldn’t have the rest of the cultural elements. Culture manifested itself with the aid of art and literature, without the help of writingRead MoreCulture And Identity ( Rough Draft ) Essay894 Words   |  4 PagesIdentity (Rough Draft) Imagine a life without writing, and without art; it’s pretty grim isn’t it? Without these essential cultural components, life would be a sad place to live in, because no other cultural aspect would survive. The most essential cultural elements are Art and Literature, because art and literature lead into the other cultural aspects. Without arts and literature, you couldn’t have the rest of the cultural elements. Culture manifested itself with the aid of art and literature, without theRead MoreEssay On Robert Motherwell996 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Art is much less important than life, but what a poor life without it.† – Robert Motherwell Robert Motherwell was an American painter, editor, and printmaker. His quote basically explains how art is not essential to life, but certainly aids life in general. Art is a means to express ideas in a more creative, innovative way. Art is a very vital way in helping shape the way people perceive life, and explore different situations in a new light. I most certainly agree with Motherwell’s quote, primarilyRead MoreImportance Of Art And Its Effect On Society1435 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of Art in Society Art is often marginalized and left aside in favor of serious fields, like math and science; it is generally seen as an extra and as something purely recreational – icing on the cake. However, it is an essential component of any even moderately healthy society. To begin with, it has quantifiable benefits in areas including therapy and education thanks to it s fluid, ambiguous, and creative nature. Equally, it is difficult to find enjoyment or fulfillment in life without itRead More Sigmund Freuds Influence upon Salvador Dali Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiencing life. The shadows of the past and the dawn of the new era opened the minds of many who relished constant change. Science and medicine were evolving, and one man in particular sought to expand knowledge and understanding. Sigmund Freud, the most renowned, thought provoking psychologist to have ever lived, opened an exciting chapter in the study of the mind. Without a doubt, Freud had influenced, and inspired arti sts searching for something new. The world of psychology and art were interweavingRead MoreThe Importance Of Art Funding For Education Essay1559 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of Art Funding According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, art is defined as â€Å"something that is created with imagination and skill and that is beautiful or that expresses important ideas or feelings† (â€Å"Art†). With that being said, it is almost essential that art is maintained as a general course required for every student to take. While having art classes in schools available for students is important, it is also equally as important for the school funding for the art programs to beRead MoreEssay on Art Classes in Schools: To be, or not to be?1303 Words   |  6 PagesMost people would agree that music and art programs in schools have a huge impact on students not only academically, but in just about every aspect of their lives. Studies have shown that students who are involved in music and art programs have an overall higher IQ and show signs of many other academic benefits. Participating in such programs also allow students the opportunity to express themselves artistic ally and show the world their perhaps otherwise hidden potential. We all know how fun it canRead MoreNew Ideas Of Art : Warhol, Yoko Ono, And Marina Abramovic938 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the 1960s, new ideas in art began to emerge. The art world was introducing new various types of art including, performance art, photography, videography, installation and conceptual ideas. This era of art also pushed the boundaries between the traditional disciplines of art. Three artist that have had a huge impact on art in the time period are, Andy Warhol, Yoko Ono, and Marina Abramovic. Each of these artists embraced the new types of art in several ways. Andy Warhol is an American artistRead MoreToni Nightingale s Theory Into My Core Values857 Words   |  4 Pagesfounder of modern nursing, Florence Nightingale, playing a critical role in its development. Being a future nurse, I am inspired by Nightingale’s advocacy for nursing as a profession and her environmental theory which regards nursing as both science and art. Throughout my career, I intend to incorporate Nightingale’s theory into my core values in order to improve patient care. Evolution of Nursing In early civilization, most individuals had faith in animism, which is the belief that evil spirits hadRead MoreIs Art A Waste Of Time?1557 Words   |  7 Pageswriter who recounts his encounters with some Effective Altruists in his essay â€Å"Is Art a Waste of Time?† He says that Effective Altruists generally do not consider art to be a worthy profession for they perceive it to be an occupation that has little potential to do good for others. However, they do not take into account the enormous emotional support that art has had for countless people. Music, in particular, is part of nearly all cultures and is instrumental in creating situations in which people

What Is the James-Lange Theory of Emotion

The James-Lange theory suggests that emotions are the result of physical changes in the body. According to James and Lange, our body’s responses to an emotional event—such as a racing heart rate or sweating, for example—are what make up our emotional experience. Key Takeaways: James-Lange Theory The James-Lange theory suggests that emotions have a physical basis in the body.When we see something emotional, changes occur in the body—and these changes make up our emotional experience.Although the James-Lange theory has been challenged by other theorists, it has been incredibly influential in the study of human emotions. Overview The James-Lange theory was developed in the late 1800s by William James and Carl Lange, who each separately published similar writings about the nature of emotion. According to James and Lange, emotions consist of the body’s physical responses to something in the environment. When you witness something emotional, this leads to changes in the body. For example, your heart rate or blood pressure might increase, you might start sweating, or you might start breathing more quickly. James famously explained the theory in his book The Principles of Psychology: he writes that â€Å"we feel sorry because we cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we tremble, and not that we cry, strike, or tremble, because we are sorry, angry, or fearful, as the case may be.† In other words, our emotional reactions consist of our physical responses to potentially emotional events in the environment. James suggests that these physical reactions are key to our emotions and that, without them, our experiences would be â€Å"pale, colorless, [and] destitute of emotional warmth.† Examples To understand the James-Lange theory, consider the following example. Imagine you’re walking on a darkened road and you hear a rustling in the bushes nearby. Your heart starts racing and you feel ready to start running if need be. According to James, these bodily sensations would constitute an emotion—in this case, the feeling of fear. Importantly, our heart doesn’t start beating faster because we feel afraid; instead, these changes in our body comprise the emotion of fear. The theory seeks to explain not just negative states—like fear and anger—but positive ones as well. For example, the emotion of amusement is typically accompanied by laughter. Comparison to Related Theories The James-Lange theory has been somewhat controversial—when writing about his theory, James acknowledged that many other researchers took issue with aspects of his ideas. One of the most well-known critiques of the James-Lange theory is the Cannon-Bard theory, put forward by Walter Cannon and Philip Bard in the 1920s. According to this theory, many emotions produce similar physiological responses: for example, think about how both fear and excitement lead to a faster heart rate. Because of this, Cannon and Bard suggested that emotions can’t only consist of our physiological response to something in the environment. Instead, Cannon and Bard suggest, emotional and physiological responses both happen—but these are two separate processes. A later theory, the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion (also called the two-factor theory), suggests that emotion results from both physiological and cognitive processes. Essentially, something emotional will trigger changes in the body, and our brain then tries to interpret what these changes mean. For example, if you’re walking alone at night and hear a loud noise, you’ll become startled—and your brain will interpret this as fear. However, if you’re walking into your home and are suddenly started by your friends jumping out to greet you on your birthday, your brain will recognize that you’re at a surprise party and you’ll be more likely to feel excited. Like the James-Lange theory, the Schachter-Singer theory acknowledges the role of physiological changes in our emotions—but it suggests that cognitive factors also play a role in the emotions we experience. Research on the James-Lange Theory While newer theories of emotion have been developed since the James-Lange theory was first proposed, it has still been an influential theory in the field of psychology. Since the theory was developed, numerous researchers have sought to understand how different types of bodily responses relate to emotions. For example, research has looked at whether different emotions are associated with different types of responses by the body’s autonomic nervous system. In other words, the James-Lange theory has inspired a significant amount of research on the connections between our bodies and our emotions, a topic which is still an active area of research today. Sources and Additional Reading: Cherry, Kendra. â€Å"The Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory of Emotion.† Verywell Mind (2019, May 4). https://www.verywellmind.com/the-two-factor-theory-of-emotion-2795718Cherry, Kendra. â€Å"Understanding the Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion.† Verywell Mind (2018, Nov. 1). https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-cannon-bard-theory-2794965James, William. â€Å"Discussion: The Physical Basis of Emotion.†Ã‚  Psychological Review  1.5 (1894): 516-529. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2006-01676-004James, William. â€Å"The Emotions.† The Principles of Psychology, vol. 2., Henry Holt and Company, 1918, 442-485. http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/57628Keltner, Dacher, Keith Oatley, and Jennifer M. Jenkins. Understanding Emotions. 3rd ed., Wiley, 2013. https://books.google.com/books/about/Understanding_Emotions_3rd_Edition.html?idoS8cAAAAQBAJVandergriendt, Carly. â€Å"What Is the Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion?† Healthline (2017, Dec. 12). https://www.health line.com/health/cannon-bard

Human Resource Planning - 1429 Words

1. What is Human resource planning? Human resource planning links people management to the organization, mission, vision, goals, and objectives as well as its strategies plan and budgetary resources. A key goals of HRP is to get the right number of people with the right skills, experiences and competencies in the right jobs at the right time at the right cost. 2. What is strategic planning? Strategic planning is the process of taking inputs (information), organizing and making sense of that information, and producing an output (the plan) that covers a long period of time, and maps out the strategies, goals, and objectives for that period of time, that are expected to keep the organization focused, unified, and likely to succeed in†¦show more content†¦d. Organizational Culture – Will influenced the work’s habits of firm’s employees 7. Explain the internal forces that influence the management of HR? The internal force that influences the management of HR is financial and economic environment, current organizational situation, organizational strategy and culture of the organization. 8. What is HR forecasting? Explain An effective HRP will require forecasting. Forecasting will use information from the past and present to identify expected future condition. The information gathered from external environmental scanning and assessment of internal strength and weakness used to predict or forecast HR supply and demand in light of organizational objectives and its strategies. 9. What are the factors that can affect the demand for labour? The working of the labour market affects us all because the vast majority of people at some point during their working lives will be active participants in the labour market. The demand for labour comes from the employer. We shall start with this side of the market. The demand for labour, there is normally an inverse relationship between the demand for labour and the wage rate that a business needs to pay for each additional worker employed. If the wage rate is high, it is more costly to hire extra employees. When wages are lower, labour becomesShow MoreRelatedHuman Resources Planning And Human Resource Planning1603 Words   |  7 PagesHuman resource handle administrative functions in an organisation and Human resource planning expand strategies for relating the skills and size of manpower to enterprise needs. In simple words the planning system makes recruitment, gives training and restructures the staff requirement to meet the organisational goals and changes within the environme nt. Human resource planning is a paramount component of Human resource management. B.J Smith (1992) describes that Human resource planning is the legalRead MoreHuman Resources Planning : Human Resource Planning Essay1436 Words   |  6 Pages Human Resource planning Name: Institution: Human Resource planning I am Juanita Espinosa, a young professional practising the human resource profession in an administrative capacity for the first time. The organisation that I am working with now is a non- profit one whose mission is to ‘stamp out hunger among the young and elderly in our lifetime.’ I am faced with several challenges at my new posting with the organization at the point of closure. I have the responsibility of identifyingRead MoreHuman Resource Planning : Strategic Human Resources Planning1487 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion #1: Define and explain the significance of the term ‘derived demand’ as it applies to Strategic Human Resources Planning. (5 marks) The term ‘derived demand’ is used to describes how the changes in demand for one product could either increase or decrease the demand for another product. An example of this occurring could be within the automotive industry. If the demand of vehicles increase so does the raw materials to make them and vice versa. This happens because the demand of vehiclesRead MoreHuman Resource Planning And Human Resources2006 Words   |  9 Pagesdevelopment of human resource planning firm employees to find is very important. Aim to achieve the organization in this way it should be internal or external supply to assess whether labor supply. With the needs of the firm s main specialty AD-workers describe the job analysis, there should be. Today s executives of particular concern for the effective and acurate in human resource planning for the needs of internal and external supply of labor. 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The three key elements of the HR planning process are forecasting labor demand, analyzing present labor supply, and balancing projected labor demand and supply. RigorousRead MoreHuman Resource Management And Human Resources Planning930 Words   |  4 PagesThe career path I chose was that of human resources the reason I chose this is because I really enjoy helping with their problems while also being able to help the big picture. This is meaningful to me besides the fact with being able to help people with their problems. Depending on the place that you work for you can also make a nice bit of money and be able to travel throughout the country. I personally do not have any experiences in working in this career field but I have helped my mother withRead MoreHuman Resource Planning Process For Human Resources804 Words   |  4 Pagesfor this assignment covered human resource management. 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Nescafe and Its Enterprise Type Free Essays

Nescafe, one of the top ten most valuable brands in the world, has over 50% instant coffee market share of the world, followed by General Food, Maxwell House and Brooke Bond. It’s so successful that some people in some of the Asian country such as China think that instant coffee is the whole world of coffee in 1990s. Such impressive influences come from Nescafe’s insight on the market situation and its own capability, fast response and feasible strategies. We will write a custom essay sample on Nescafe and Its Enterprise Type or any similar topic only for you Order Now On this analysis, we will try to define instant coffee’s market as a standard cycle market. Giving its characteristic, we will see what strategy Nescafe created to maintain the sustainable growth and continue generating rents. We will give example on what Nescafe did in China to analyze the entry barrier, convergence, oligopolistic scale orchestration, etc. We consider instant coffee market as the standard cycle based on the following concerns: 1. Convergence: Both Nescafe and Maxwell were the earliest two instant coffee providers in China. They entered the market in late 1970s. For a decade from 1980 to 1990, coffee could be only found in Hotel and high-end restaurants, but not in stores or supermarkets. Those 10 years seems a conflict with the convergence of standard cycle which normally took around 4 years. However, because the demand on coffee was so low at that moment, I would not consider those 10 years as part of the convergence of standard cycle. Instead, I would say the convergence of instant coffee market started from 1990. At that moment, Chinese people was getting rich thanks to the reform and opening-up policy. Nevertheless, the price of a cup of Nescafe coffee is around 30 times of that of apples. In 1992, Nescafe started its production in China and making Nescafe cheaper and more accessible. Nescafe did exceptionally well in 1990s when it made â€Å"Nestle† a symbol of coffee. However, it didn’t take much long that the price of Nescafe dropped rapidly to the same as several apples. This time line fitted the standard cycle convergence. And today, we can see that a small bag of Nescafe costs less than an apple in the super markets. 2. Alignment As I said above, Nescafe played really well in the China market. It knew the market and its own capability, and adopted the right strategies. We will see how it did such a nice job in those 3 points separately: 3. Markets: China’s instant coffee was a brand new market back to 1990. There were no more than 5 companies providing instant coffee there. All of them were foreign companies and no one had its own factories in China. Foreign companies required approval from Chinese government to build factories there. In 1990s, Chinese instant coffee market was booming regarding to people’s acceptance on coffee an d large population base. As TV got more and more popular, brand loyalty were easier to build through advertisement and people tend to be sticky to the brand with the first taste. . 2 Capabilities: As the biggest instant coffee provider, Nescafe has the capital and reputation advantage to set up a factory in China. Its over 100 year management and marketing experience should help them to open emerging market easily. Its exceptionally and traditionally well-arranged and warm advertisement would touch the soul of the Chinese people. The entry barrier to set up an instant coffee factory was quite high. It not only required huge investment but also a minimum production which may exceed the market demand in the early stage of the market. 3. 3 Strategies: Nescafe set up its production line in 1992, and made effort to build up a strong sales network, management team which were not easy to duplicated by competitors. Meanwhile, they differentiate themselves as the high quality coffee provider at the very beginning, focusing on quality control and manufacturing process, keeping promoting that core value, so that they set up an reputation line that is hardly exceeded by its competitors. For a standard cycle market, an easy exit level is also very important. However, it’s not easy to achieve in the instant coffee market because it require a huge investment on property, plant and equipments. Once the market turns to competitive market as what it looks like today, the sunken investment would be huge and companies may have to keep producing and struggle to survive. 3. Segmentation of Cost Leadership and Differentiate We took Nescafe, Maxwell, Brooke Bond and some other local brand such as Super Coffeemix as example. Nescafe, Maxwell and Brooke Bond control over 70% of the instant coffee in China, and they are the oligopolistic players in the market. They differentiate themselves from quality, tastes, innovation and customer experiences. The rest 30% market share are controlled by many of the local small coffee producers who are competing on prices. Cost Leadership| Differentiate| Super CoffeeMix $5 / 100g| Nescafe $10 / 100g| Most other local brand| Brooke Bond $ 8. 2 / 100g| |   |   | Maxwell $ 7. 8 / 100g| From the above table, we can see that almost all of the Chinese local brand are in the circle of cost leadership because they are usually lack of systematic quality control, avoid excessive marketing investment, don’t need to concern social responsibility. Those brands took over 30% – 40% of the market share in Tier 2 cities in China. On the contrary, Nescafe, Brooke Bond, and Maxwell differentiated themselves with quality, various favors, and providers of coffee-along products such as sugar, milk power etc. They try to build some connection between their coffee and a sweet, relaxed and high quality life. An advertisement from Nescafe shows a lady sitting beside a round table, under a fantastic weather and enjoying her afternoon tea time with some dimsum. After tasting the Nescafe, she closed her eyes, seemed very pleased and satisfied, and appreciated â€Å"It tastes so good†. This advertisement happened in the 1990s and was so popular that making Nescafe as a symbol of sweet life. 4. Scale Orchestration’s four sections 5. 4 Scale: Nestle fully takes advantage of its scale. Nestle brought its Nescafe to China in 1978, and established its first factory in China in 1990. In 2010, Nestle accumulatively makes over 8. 3 billion RMB (around 1. 3 billion USD)Foreign Direct Investment in China , hires over 14,000 employees, runs 22 factories and sold out over 1. 5 million pieces of Nescafe products every day. It takes over 25% of the instant coffee in China, a market values over 5. billion RMB ( around 0. 8 billion USD) and grows over 15% per year. 5. 5 Learning: Nestle has a very well arranged and systematic employee training program. High-performing employees are invited to Headquarter in Swiss education center to have further management trainings. From 2000, Nestle China started the first two-year â€Å"Nestle (China) Management Development Plan† aiming to promote 500 local employees to management level in 2010 to enforce the localization strategy. Besides, Nestle also provides advanced technology and solutions to farmers and helps them to plant the high quality coffee bean in China. 5. Product: Nescafe has much more diversified products now than before. It has Nescafe 3+1, Nescafe Cappuccino, Nescafe Classic, Nescafe Decaf. It also has over 10 different favors, include powder bag and beverage, different package either to help making coffee easier or to be elegant to send as gift. Beyond the rich aroma and delicious tastes from the coffee, Nescafe try to provide further connection on efficiency, relaxation, stimulation, health and graveness through its products. 5. 7 Process: After over 20 year business running in China, Nescafe found its way to continue stable and sustainable growth in China. It has its Labeling Standards which is the instruction to define logo, color, letter font, paragraph distance, and Package Design Manual which makes sure package style and materials are globally standardized. Besides, Nescafe also cut down its global media partners to 5 major advertisement agents. This strategy not only helps Nescafe to have precise cost control, but also guarantee its advertisement to be in a more consistent format and to provide the same mainstream idea in a certain period. All those four section make a generic structure which helps Nescafe to be successful in a standard cycle. . Can Nescafe turn into a long-cycle market player? The critical element in the long-cycle market is the strong isolating mechanisms. The key player in the market set up the monopoly power by lifting the entry barriers, without spending too much investment to create economic scale. Can Nescafe try to set up some strong isolating mechanisms to take over the market? It’s possible but ve ry hard. 6. 8 Brand Lock-in As the earliest instant coffee producer who established a well-known brand name in China. Try to set up brand lock-in is the easiest way for Nescafe to create isolating mechanism. By heavy investment on media advisement, Nescafe is having loyalty from a majority of consumers who works in office and has to work late. 6. 9 Resource barriers Yunnan Province in China is the best place to cultivate coffee bean because of its mild wet weather. Nescafe convinced the local farmers to plant coffee bean from 1990s. Through last 20 years, Nescafe provided training to those farmers, increased the beans’ quality and production. If Nescafe is able to collect the best quality beans from Yunnan, it will set up resource barriers to prevent competitors from competing on quality. . Does the instant coffee market tend to turn into fast-cycle? Capital investment is not a critical entry barrier for instant coffee market any more. If tracking the instant coffee products in the market, we will see new products (new package, new favor or new cafe component, etc) are launched much faster than before. It’s not only because the taste of consumers are keeping changing quickl y, but also because instant coffee producers are investing more on RD and creating more selling ideas in order to maintain a sustainable profit. Regarding instant coffee is kind of commodity which is hard to differentiate, economics of scale would not help to keep the sustainability because price drops even faster. Besides, weak brand loyalty, rapid globalization even fading the product value. Nevertheless, it’s very difficult to minimize the exit barriers. Giving the competitive instant coffee market, there shouldn’t be any more new player joining it. In sum, Nescafe position itself quite well in the market, response quickly to market change, adopt suitable strategy to keep its sustainable growth. It’s a good example to analyze by using the tools we learned from course. How to cite Nescafe and Its Enterprise Type, Papers

The Brand free essay sample

# 8217 ; s Bond, James Bond Essay, Research Paper The trade name # 8217 ; s Bond, James BondWhen good authors die, they join, if they # 8217 ; rhenium lucky, the canon of western literature and live on, as major or minor classics. Lesser authors are rapidly forgotten, but some bestselling names enjoy another sort of hereafter. They become franchised. Their inheritors and literary agents empower a sequence of subsequences that keep the money turn overing in long after the usual obsequies.The publication industry cheerfully conspires with the procedure by which a good popular author # 8217 ; s memory is devoutly demeaned by inferior imitations churned out by hard up drudges. Publishers, like movie studios, are frequently so urgently short of imaginativeness that nil gives them greater satisfaction than puting the corporate shirt on a sure-fire winner.And who could fault them? The lottery of public gustatory sensation is so chanceful and the responses of the literary market place so freakish that a dead cert will ever tickle pink th e checkbook of the work forces ( and adult females ) in suits. We will write a custom essay sample on The Brand or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page No admiration a good stake like a subsequence will hold the book trade quaking with anticipation.So although Alistair Maclean, for illustration, has been dead these 15 old ages, mass market editions of escapade narratives # 8216 ; based on # 8217 ; or # 8216 ; inspired by # 8217 ; his notes and bill of exchanges, and published under his bestselling name, continue to convey place the bacon for the Maclean estate.Next to a hatchet-job of a life, there # 8217 ; s likely nil so detrimental to a asleep popular author # 8217 ; s memory and repute as a pot-boiling subsequence. Which brings me to the challenging instance of Ian Fleming # 8217 ; s James Bond, who is about to observe his fiftieth birthday. ( Casino Royale was foremost published in 1953 ) .James Bond is a literary trade name name par excellence, a warrant of a typical and dependable sort of armchair experience. As Simon Winder perceptively puts it in his entertaining Penguin anthology, My Name # 8217 ; s Bond, James Bo nd, # 8216 ; Fleming # 8217 ; s keep on the British male imaginativeness remains so great that the landscape of our postwar civilization would be unrecognizable without his iconic hero. He has nourished the phantasies of 1000000s on a graduated table merely otherwise approached by Tolkien # 8230 ; # 8217 ; An of import portion of Fleming # 8217 ; s clasp, of class, depends on 007, the suave and cruelly fine-looking Englishman ( named after a distinguished bird watcher ) , a # 8216 ; knife-thrower # 8217 ; whose # 8216 ; vices’ included ‘drink†¦ and women’, but that’s not the whole story. Fleming, a one-time journalist and literary maverick, is a genre writer who deserves much more serious critical consideration than is usually accorded to such writers.What do you look for in a novelist? Imagination? Turn to Bond’s dinner with Goldfinger. Narrative drive? Try Tatiana’s encounter with Rosa Klebb in From Russia with Love. Dialogue? How about: ‘Doesn’t do to get mixed up with neurotic women in this business. They hang onto your gun-arm, if you know what I mean.’Yes, of course Bond is a snobbish, shallow-minded chauvinist with sado-masochistic inclinations, but Fleming’s prodigal, strangely euphoric, and jewel-encrusted prose remains, half a century later, a constant delight. No wonder that after his early death from heart failure at the age of 56, the Fleming estate persuaded themselves to license the 007 franchise.The latest man ifestation of a strictly commercial operation, The Man with the Red Tattoo, by Raymond Benson (Hodder ?18.99), arrived on my desk this week.It would not be difficult to make fun of Benson, who, as the noveliser of several recent Bond movies, including Tomorrow Never Dies and The World Is Not Enough, is probably anorak-in-chief of the Ian Fleming Foundation. But the truth is that, in many ways, Benson has a thankless task. The more he brings 007 into the twenty-first century, steering his clapped-out Aston Martin down the M4 to Heathrow, the more whiskery and geriatric the whole enterprise becomes.There’s nothing actually wrong with the plot of The Man with the Red Tattoo. With its mounting confrontation between two rival Japanese terrorist factions, controlled by the mysterious Goro Yoshida (shades of Fu Manchu) it’s no less implausible than some of Fleming’s vintage performances.It has all the Bondian ingredients: car and motorbike chases; steam room mayhem; de ath-defying escapes, cunning stunts; and sado-masochistic encounters in shadowy bedrooms.These are the elements that will go into the movie version. What’s missing is Fleming’s inimitable voice, that languid, Fleet Street drawl as smoky and cynical as the morning-after atmosphere of a Mayfair nightclub. Take away Fleming’s inimitable tone and you’re left with a humdrum thriller. It’s an object lesson in the essence of good fiction.

Business Law Contract Measure Time

Question: Describe about the Business Law for Contract Measure Time. Answer: Introduction: Indicators related to enforcing contract measure time and cost which is incurred in resolving a commercial dispute through the local first instance court, and it also checks quality of judicial process index. It evaluates whether or not each economy adopts the good practices which help in promoting the efficiency and effectiveness of court system (The World Bank, n.d.). This research paper is divided into two parts and in first part we discuss in brief the five indicators of enforcing contract, and benefit of these indicators for doing business. This part also contains the reflection of any two indicators on small and medium size business. The second part of the report states the process followed in this research, problem encountered while conducting this research. Indicators for enforcing contract: From many years, theDoing Businessindicators on enforcing contracts are measuring the time and cost which is incurred in resolving a commercial dispute through the local first instance court, but now doing business make an change in the methodology of these indicators and replace the indicator procedural complexity with a new indicator that is quality of judicial processes index. This indicator is introduced to check whether each economy adopts the good practices which help in promoting the efficiency and effectiveness of court system in the following four areas that is (The World Bank, n.d.): Court structure and proceedings index: this indicator has five components that are: Special commercial court, section or division is available or not. Is there any simplified procedure to resolve small claims are available or not. Pretrial attachment is available. Which criteria are used to for the assignment of cases to judges Evidentiary weight of testimony in case of women. Case management index: Time standards set up by regulations for key court events. Performance measurement mechanism is available or not. Pretrial conference. Is there any electronic case management system is available for judges. Is there any electronic case management system is available for lawyers. Regulations which relate to adjournments and continuance of case. 3. Court Automation: Is there any facility to file initial compliant in electronic mode? Is there any facility to service initial compliant in electronic mode? Payment of court fees through electronic mode. Whether judgments of court are published or not. Alternative Dispute Resolution: Arbitration Voluntary meditation or conciliation. Benefits of indicators for doing business: Efficient system for enforcing contract is necessary for sustainable growth and economic development of any country. Economic and social progress of any country is not possible without respecting the law of that country and efficient protection of the rights. It is necessary for well functioning judiciary that cases are resolved on time and accessible to general public. Economies which have efficient judiciary system and in which courts effectively fulfill their contractual obligations have more developed credit markets in compare to other economies and also have higher level of development. Small firms grow more rapidly in the economy with strong judiciary, and efficient judicial system will result in improvement of business climate, faster innovation, secure tax revenues, and it also attracts foreign direct investment. A research was conducted in the provinces of Argentina and Brazil regarding efficiency of court, and it was found that firms located in provinces which have efficient court system have greater access to credit. One more research was conducted in Mexico which found that better court system result in larger and efficient firms. An effective court system not only reduces the risk faced by firms but also increase the willingness of firms to invest, and firms in Brazil, Peru and Philippines state that they invest more if they had more confidence in their court system (The World Bank, n.d.; Kroeze, n.d.). Impact of two indicators on small and medium size business: Court structure and proceedings: this index has five components which are described below: Is there any section or special court or division is available which only hear cases related to commercial disputes. Score- 1.5 is given if answer is yes or 0 if answer is no. Is there any simplified procedure or any fast track court which deals with small claims, and such claim include all civil cases. A score of 1 is assigned to the country if such court or procedure is established by the country, and additional score of 0.5 is also assigned if parties present themselves before such court or procedure. Is there any facility is available for pretrial attachment of defendant movable assets in case plaintiff has feared that attachments may be moved or dissipated. A score of 1 is assigned if any such facility is available. Assignment of cases to judges through competent court in random and automatic manner. A score of 1 is given if cases are assigned to judges in automated or randomly, and 0.5 if cases are assigned randomly but not automatically. Womens testimony carries same evidentiary weight as man, and if yes score of 1 is assigned and if no 0 is assigned. Adding up all the above mentioned scores gives index for Court Structure and Proceedings (The World Bank, n.d.). The score of Australia regarding this index is 4.5 from 5. It is necessary for small firms that disputes are resolved fairly and in speedy trials, because if these disputes take months or years to resolve then it is not possible for small firms to stay in the business or conduct the disputes because of their financial weakness. Because of long and expensive trials small and medium firms try to avoid trials and other litigation matters. There are many benefits of efficient court system, as efficient system removes the informality, increase the trade and improve credit access for these small and medium firms (Doing Business, 2014; OECD, n.d.). Alternative Dispute Resolution: this index has six components which are described below: Whether commercial disputes are submitted to arbitration except disputes related to public policy, bankruptcy, consumer rights, employment issues or intellectual property. If yes then 0.5 is assigned. Whether commercial arbitration which is domestic in nature is governed by consolidated law, chapter or section. If yes then 0.5 is assigned. Whether local courts assigned arbitration clause in more than 50% of cases. If yes then 0.5 is assigned. Whether meditation or conciliation is recognized for solving the commercial disputes. If yes then 0.5 is assigned. Whether meditation or conciliation is governed by consolidated law, chapter or section. If yes then 0.5 is assigned. Whether there is any financial benefit for parties who opt for meditation or conciliation such as if party won the case then court filing fees is refund. If yes then 0.5 is assigned. Adding up all the above mentioned scores gives index for Alternative Dispute Mechanism. The score of Australia regarding this index is 2.5 out of 3 (The World Bank, n.d.). There are number of benefits for small and medium size business from ADR that is: Alternate Dispute Resolution process helps small businesses to find appropriate way for resolving the dispute that is either by mediation or arbitration. This process not only saves time but also reduce the cost of proceedings by removing court fees and other related costs. This process gives flexibility to business man because they can fix the time and place of meetings, instead of relying on appointment of court. There is one more benefit of this process, in this parties can agreed on mutual grounds which are beneficial for both the parties. Litigation process does not maintain confidentiality and they are open to public whereas this process maintains the confidentiality of the dispute and parties (Moore Clark Duvell Rodgers, 2016; Tessier, 2005). Process followed in conducting this research: This research is conducted by focus on objective part of the topic, by finding the multitude information from different authentic sources, and by analyzing that information to reach the conclusion. This is an evaluation research and includes study and evaluation of data through a systematic process. In this paper, the research and information is stated in such away so that other person can easily understand the topic which was stated in this paper. In this first we describe the indicators of enforcing contract in brief, and then evaluate and discuss the details of this topic. Following challenges are faced while conducting this research that is: There are not sufficient resources for conducting the research. It is difficult to find authentic sources from which we get accurate data. There is difficulty on relying on some resources. Many business units does not provide accurate information because they had fear that information provided by them may be misused or they dont want to disclose the confidentiality of dispute. Conclusion: In this paper, first we state the brief introduction of indicators of enforcing contract, and benefits of these indicators for small businesses and medium businesses. Later we discuss the impact of Court structure and proceedings index and alternate dispute resolution index on small and medium business. We also discuss that this research is conducted in systematic process and state the challenges faced while conducting this research. At last, we conclude the report with brief conclusion that is it is necessary for economies that they conduct good practices related to efficient court system. References: The World Bank. Enforcing Contracts. Retrieved on 7th December 2016 from: https://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploretopics/enforcing-contracts. The World Bank. Why it Matters. Retrieved on 7th December 2016 from: https://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploretopics/enforcing-contracts/why-matters. The World Bank. What is Measured. Retrieved on 7th December 2016 from: https://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploretopics/enforcing-contracts/what-measured. The World Bank. Enforcing Contracts Methodology. Retrieved on 7th December 2016 from: https://www.doingbusiness.org/Methodology/Enforcing-Contracts. The World Bank. Australia. Retrieved on 7th December 2016 from: https://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/australia#enforcing-contracts. Moore Clark Duvell Rodgers, (2016). 5 ways small businesses benefit from alternative dispute resolution. Retrieved on 7th December 2016 from: https://www.mcdr-law.com/Articles/5-ways-small-businesses-benefit-from-alternative-dispute-resolution.shtml. Tessier, R. (2005). Making Effective Use of Alternative Dispute Resolution For Small Businesses. Retrieved on 7th December 2016 from: https://www.mediate.com/articles/tessierr1.cfm. Doing Business, (2014). Improving court efficiency: the Republic of Koreas e-court experience. Retrieved on 7th December 2016 from: https://www.doingbusiness.org/reports/case-studies/2013/improving-court-efficiency. Kroeze, J. M. The companies as business court as specialized court. Retrieved on 7th December 2016 from: https://www.oecd.org/daf/ca/corporategovernanceprinciples/37188740.pdf.

The Story of the Door Essay Example For Students

The Story of the Door Essay R L Stevenson presents Mr Utterson and a stereotypical lawyer in the Victorian times. He is long and dull looking, with cold mannerisms, that was never lighted by a smile. However, he lets the audience know quickly that Mr Utterson is not what he seems. He is actually a caring person, who has many friends yes somehow loveable.  His profession is a lawyer, and therefore the audience can assume that he will be a person with a very high moral conscious, one that abides by social and government laws. He is probably reliant on his reputation, alike to most of the Victorian, who thought reputation was extremely important. We will write a custom essay on The Story of the Door specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now His appearance is introduced as an unremarkable figure. Long, dusty and probably a little old looking. |It doesnt state whether he is good-looking or ugly, therefore we must assume he has a plain exterior. This is included to make the audience think that he isnt arrogant, or shallow.  His personality is somewhat contradictive. It says that he has many friends that enjoy his company friendly circle ready made from the hands of opportunity. But also that his friends are only his friends because they share his ideals, and his way of life, people very alike to him. It does say that because he is a lawyer that he is the last reputable acquaintance to a man before his downfall. He is quiet in social situations, especially with his close friend Mr Enfield, where they hardly speak to one another. His private behaviour is confusing. He very much enjoys going to the theatre, but hasnt gone in over twenty years, indicating that he is a man that doesnt think the theatre is reputable habit, and places that above his happiness. But he also puts off business engagements for his walk with Mr Enfield, implying that one friendship is more important to him than his career.  His attitudes to others that share his profession are of a good nature. He doesnt get involved with people that go down the wrong path but is kind to his friends. But he isnt overtly emotional with them, nor does he come off as an open person. R L Stevenson intends the audience to trust Mr Utterson, because he is good natured, and doesnt do anything bad even as going to the theatre, but also he subtly make the reader think about whether they should trust him, because he puts reputation above happiness. They are not sure whether to like him, because they havent seen him be particularly nice or unkind to others around him, and there is little speech to judge him by with Mr Enfield. He does seem a curious person, who thinks about things a long time before talking about them. There are many contradictions about his character, it says that he is a cold person, but lovable at the same time. This is probably to let the audience know early, that in this book people can be more than just one type of person, which is the main theme to the book.  He has chosen to present him so early in the book, because throughout he is the backbone of the other characters, although he is not the main character, he is who we read most about, so we need to know his character before we ca go any further into the book. |Otherwise we would have to guess why he does things. Mr Enfield in different to his walking companion Mr Utterson, and we find this out with the sentence, a well known man about town which points to him being a frequently party going, and enjoying night life, which greatly contradicts his friend, who keeps himself to himself, and enjoys drinking on his own with his own thoughts and his house. He is also very open, telling his friend about something that happened to him, for no reason other than to make conversation, something the Utterson probably would have spent long time thinking about. He is more emotional; explaining how seeing the girl trampled on affected him, until he got angry. .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42 , .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42 .postImageUrl , .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42 , .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42:hover , .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42:visited , .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42:active { border:0!important; } .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42:active , .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42 .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Handmaids Tale EssayR L Stevenson uses a lot of quick descriptive words to get across the image that the street is very busy and quick. He makes sure the read knows this is a road where well of people live, because there is well polished windows and it stands out amongst the other roads. His use of the metaphor, like a fire in a wood, means that the feeling is contagious like fire, and when you go there, you feel upbeat yourself. It then greatly differs to the description of the door, which makes you think of a rotting animal with words such as thrust forward blistered and stained. He makes sure it is very out of place, surrounded by undesirables on such thriving stree t full of happy people. It makes sure the reader associates with this door are annoying and ugly. The door, which is mentioned in great details, is a metaphor for the barrier that stands between the house and the rest of the street. It is something you can go through but it also means that there is something that isnt letting you in. When speaking about the flashback, the language is more informal, and the structure is not paragraphed.  Character of Enfield.  He doesnt tell his good friend where he has been, and this points that he may have been somewhere he shouldnt have been. He wouldnt have even told his friend if he had been doing something considered wrong, because when the book was written, reputation was everything. He also says that he didnt ask more questions about the man, because if it looks strange, the less he asks, because he doesnt want to have the burden of other peoples problems. Mr Enfield, builds up tension with his use of repetition, street after street after street and his language in describing the man is strong and vivid, by comparing him to a juggernaut, it creates a image clearly in the readers mind,. The crowd and he react to the man, in a way usually unknown; he says that he had an unbelievable desire to kill the man, for no reason. That he was so repulsive that he couldnt think of what it was that was so wrong about him. He doesnt mention that the person that made the cheque out was Harry Jekyll, because he doesnt want to think of his friend as being associated with such a bad man. He thinks that it was probably something to do with Harry doing something when he was young, and someone is blackmailing him. Utter son wants to know how the man got into the house that Enfield described as so ugly and mysterious, because they werent allowed to step into the house.

All About Levees in the U.S.

All About Levees in the U.S. A levee is a type of dam or wall, usually a man-made embankment, that acts as a barrier between water and property. It is often a raised berm that runs along a river or canal. Levees reinforce a rivers banks and help prevent flooding. By constricting and confining the flow, however, levees can also increase the speed of the water. Levees can fail in at least two ways: (1) the structure is not high enough to stop rising waters, and (2) the structure is not strong enough to hold back rising waters. When a levee breaks at a weakened area, the levee is considered breached, and water flows through the breach or hole. A levee system often includes pumping stations as well as embankment. A levee system can fail if one or more of the pumping stations fail. Definition of Levee A man-made structure, usually an earthen embankment or concrete floodwall, designed and constructed in accordance with sound engineering practices to contain, control, or divert the flow of water so as to provide reasonable assurance of excluding temporary flooding from the leveed area. - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Types of Levees Levees can be natural or man-made. A natural levee is formed when sediment settles on the river bank, raising the level of the land around the river. To construct a man-made levee, workers pile dirt or concrete along the river banks (or parallel to any body of water that may rise), to create an embankment. This embankment is flat at the top, and slopes at an angle down to the water. For added strength, sandbags are sometimes placed over dirt embankments. Origin of the Word The word levee (pronounced LEV-ee) is an Americanism - that is, a word used in the United States, but not anywhere else in the world. It should come as no surprise that levee originated in the great port city of New Orleans, Louisiana, at the mouth of the flood-prone Mississippi River. Coming from the French word  levà ©e and the French verb lever meaning to raise, handmade embankments to protect farms from seasonal floods became known as levees. A dike serves the same purpose as a levee, but that word comes from the Dutch dijk or German deich. Levees Around the World A levee is also known as a floodbank, stopbank, embarkment, and storm barrier. Although the structure goes by different names, levees protect the land in many parts of the world. In Europe, levees prevent flooding along the Po, Vistula, and Danube rivers. In the United States, you will find important levee systems along the Mississippi, Snake, and Sacramento Rivers. In California, an aging levee system is used in Sacramento and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Poor maintenance of the Sacramento levees have made the area prone to flooding. Global warming has brought stronger storms and greater risks of flooding. Engineers are seeking alternatives to levees for flood control. The answer may lie in modern flood control technologies used in England, Europe, and Japan. Levees, New Orleans, and Hurricane Katrina New Orleans, Louisiana, is largely below sea level. The systematic construction of its levees began in the 19th century and continued into the 20th century as the federal government became more involved with engineering and funding. In August 2005, several levees along waterways of Lake Ponchartrain failed, and water covered 80% of New Orleans. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers designed the levees to withstand the forces of a fast-blowing Category 3 storm; they werent strong enough to survive the Category 4 Hurricane Katrina. If a chain is as strong as its weakest link, a levee is as functional as its structural weakness. A full year before Hurricane Katrina slammed into the Gulf Coast, Walter Maestri, the emergency management chief for Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, was quoted in the New Orleans Times-Picayune: It appears that the money has been moved in the president’s budget to handle homeland security and the war in Iraq, and I suppose that’s the price we pay. Nobody locally is happy that the levees can’t be finished, and we are doing everything we can to make the case that this is a security issue for us. - June 8, 2004 (one year before Hurricane Katrina) Levees as Infrastructure Infrastructure is a framework of communal systems. In the 18th and 19th centuries, farmers created their own levees to protect their fertile farmland from inevitable floods. As more and more people became dependent on other people for growing their food, it made sense that flood mitigation was everyones responsibility and not simply the local farmer. Through legislation, the federal government helps states and localities with engineering and subsidizing the cost of levee systems. Flood insurance has also become a way for people living in high risk areas can help with the cost of levee systems. Some communities have combined flood mitigation with other public works projects, such as highways along riverbanks and hiking paths in recreation areas. Other levees are nothing more than functional. Architecturally, levees can be aesthetically pleasing feats of engineering. The Future of Levees Todays levees are being engineered for resilience and built for double duty - protection when needed and recreation in the off-season. Creating a levee system has become a partnership among communities, counties, states, and federal government entities. Risk assessment, construction costs, and insurance liabilities combine in a complex soup of action and inaction for these public works projects. The building of levees to mitigate flooding will continue to be an issue as communities plan and build for extreme weather events, a predictable unpredictability from climate change. Sources USACE Program Levees, US Army Corps of Engineers at www.usace.army.mil/Missions/CivilWorks/LeveeSafetyProgram/USACEProgramLevees.aspxUnited States of Shame, by Maureen Dowd, The New York Times, September 3, 2005 [accessed August 12, 2016]History of Levees, FEMA, PDF at https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1463585486484-d22943de4883b61a6ede15aa57a78a7f/History_of_Levees_0512_508.pdfInline photos: Mario Tama/Getty Images; Julie Dermansky/Corbis via Getty Images (cropped)